Threaded fittings, wire routing, and hardware mounting require the robot to feel its way into success because hands block the camera. Cross-threading detection is purely tactile.

Sialkot instrument finishing requires sub-millimeter bimanual precision on forceps, scissors, and clamps. Workers perform 6-hour sessions of sustained fine manipulation that vision-only systems cannot replicate.

Fabric constantly changes shape. Robots must learn how hard to pull before tearing, when fabric slips, and how to dynamically adjust grip. Pure tactile problem — vision cannot sense tension.

Engine bays are cramped and dark. Mechanics perform blind manipulation — hands where eyes cannot see. Blind threading requires 3-axis shear sensors to feel hole alignment and thread catch.

Vision models break down on transparent plastics and liquids. Cannot calculate depth of a clear IV bag or simulate sloshing physics. Leak detection is purely tactile.

Leather is a stiff deformable — it bends but fights back. Shoe lasting requires immense continuous shear force to stretch leather perfectly smooth without ripping. Material tension is invisible to cameras.

Connector seating requires precise geometric alignment with specific insertion force. Over-force damages components, under-force leaves loose connections. Success state is a tactile click, not visual.

Tool and fastener kitting requires navigating a floor, remembering what's been picked, and executing multiple grasps in varying lighting. Packaging requires bimanual force modulation to seal without crushing.